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Introduction to pitches, notes, and scales
Music is created from pitches, specific points on the spectrum of sound frequency which we measure in Hertz. Octaves are distances...


Harmony and harmonic intervals
While intervals can occur between two successive notes within a melody (melodic intervals), they can also occur simultaneously (harmonic...


Introduction to chords and chord functions
Groups of three or more notes can be classified as chords. Chords built from notes of a major or minor scale are known as diatonic...


Introduction to functional harmony — ii, iii, vi, and vii° chords
The ii chord: the supertonic The diatonic triad built from scale degree 2, called the ii chord, is a minor predominant chord. It consists...
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